Natural History
The 1000 Islands is the scene of remarkable transformation. The islands, islets and shoals that comprise the 1000 Islands, stand stubbornly today following ages of geological history that has seen the region changed from a sea floor to a mountain range. Indeed, the islands are the remnant peaks of an ancient mountain chain, first scoured and shaped by successive glacial advances and then inundated by the floodwaters of the Great Lakes.

The complex geology of the region includes a remarkable diversity of formations and landforms. Within the granite-dominated landscape distinct rock formations lie scattered: folded gneiss dots Mulcaster Island; Gordon Island is underlain by sandstone, visible in shoreline bluffs. Throughout the region, unique landforms add diversity to the topography.

The 1000 Islands is a remarkably biodiverse region that hosts a rich and complex ecology characterized by thick woods, rocky outcrops and river marshes. Mature mixed forests of hemlock, white pine, pitch pine, red and white oak, maple and birch fill the forests with vibrant life. The region is a "tension zone" of rapid transition between northern and southern forests that support plants and animals from several different geographic regions.

The Frontenac Axis
The Frontenac Axis is a narrow granite spur of the Canadian Shield that bisects the region and provides the rugged character for which the 1000 Islands are renowned. The continental landform is ecologically significant due to connectivity it provides, joining the northern forest of the Algonquin Highlands and the rugged Adirondack Mountains. Although the waters of the Great Lakes can be a barrier to migrating flora and fauna, the St. Lawrence River funnels the water into a narrow channel here, and the islands form stepping stones shortening distances across the river. Thus, the Axis provides a corridor for wildlife movement that maintains the integrity of the region and the wild regions to the north and south.

Cultural History
The heritage of the 1000 Islands is alive in the legendary tales that speak of struggles of settlement, courage of loyalty to the Crown, establishment of towns and cities, golden days of river guiding, construction of island castles, and even disregard for unreasonable laws!
You will undoubtedly begin to discover this unique way of life, shaped by rock and water, as you travel the region and meet the friendly locals and summer people who share their stories freely.

For years the 1000 Islands have been a millionaire's playground with many making this area their summer retreat. The grandest structure in the Islands is Boldt Castle located on Heart Island. The castle has been restored and features the Boldt Yacht House on Wellesley Island and six impressive structures.

The St. Lawrence River is a major inland water route for majestic ocean-going ships. Kayaking is a great way to see majestic Lakers and ocean vessels from all over the world. The 1000 Islands and St. Lawrence Seaway – a world class destination waiting to be explored.

The area is home to the earliest Ontario settlements. Pioneer gravesites date back to the 1780's and early 1800's. Mid 19th century architecture still abounds and is a cherished tribute to bygone craftsmen of stone and wood.

Biosphere Reserve
On June 7, 2003 the Thousand Islands – Frontenac Axis was designated a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO. The newly designated Biosphere Reserve is Canada’s 12th site to be granted such a title.

Biosphere reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems that promote reconciliation between preservation of biodiversity and sustainable use. They fulfill three basic functions: conservation, development and logistic support. Each contains one or more protected areas in its core, as well as a large part of the humanized landscape where people live and work.

"The Biosphere Reserve designation is like a mirror that reflects and illuminates the unique ecology, cultural history, scenic character and way of life of the 1000 Islands" - Canadian Thousand Islands Heritage Conservancy